A Simple Guide to Using the Ascend Drone Effectively

Introduction to Ascend Drone Technology

Drones have become an impressive component of various industries, revolutionizing the way we understand technology and its capabilities. With Ascend Drone Technology, you’re stepping into a world where aerial creativity meets functionality. Let’s take a closer look at the history of drones and how advancements in this field have set the stage for Ascend Drone Technology.

History of Drones

Drones have come a long way since their inception. Initially developed for military use during World War I, these unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) were utilized for reconnaissance missions. Imagine being in the early 1900s, where the idea of flying without a human on board seemed revolutionary! Fast forward to the late 20th century, and we start seeing the emergence of drones for commercial applications. Here’s a quick timeline to help illustrate the evolution:

• 1917: The Kettering Bug, often regarded as the first military drone, was tested for use in warfare.
• 1950s: The U.S. Air Force developed drones for reconnaissance during the Cold War, emphasizing their military prowess.
• 1990s: With the rise of technology, drones entered the civilian market, primarily for aerial photography and mapping.
• 2006: The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) officially recognized drones as an integral part of the aviation sector, paving the way for regulations.

This rich history paved the way for innovative advancements in drone technology, leading us to the top-tier offerings today, including Ascend Drones.

Advancements in Ascend Drone Technology

Ascend Drone Technology combines cutting-edge innovation with user-friendly features, taking inspiration from historical milestones while applying modern engineering concepts. The evolution of drone technology has led to significant advancements that are evident in the design and functionality of Ascend Drones. Here are a few key advancements:

1. Enhanced Flight Stability:
   • Modern drones now feature advanced stabilization algorithms and sensors, allowing for smoother flight paths even in windy conditions. You can think of this as the difference between a shaky home video and a Hollywood production!
2. High-Resolution Cameras:
   • Ascend Drones are equipped with state-of-the-art cameras capable of capturing stunning 4K resolution footage. Whether you’re documenting an event or inspecting property, the clarity is impressive!
3. User-Friendly Software:
   • Navigating a drone used to require extensive knowledge of technology. Today, the intuitive software that accompanies Ascend Drones means anyone from tech enthusiasts to beginners can quickly grasp how to fly.
4. Integrated GPS Technology:
   • GPS has transformed drone positioning. Ascend Drones come with built-in GPS capabilities, enabling precise navigation and the ability to set predetermined flight paths easily.
5. Increased Battery Life:
   • Battery technology has come a long way, and modern drones can now fly longer—some models boast up to 30 minutes of flight time on a single charge! This is a game-changer for aerial photographers and surveyors.
6. Smart Features:
   • Features like “Follow Me” mode, which allows the drone to track your movements autonomously, adds a level of convenience previously thought impossible. Imagine hiking with a drone capturing your journey every step of the way.
7. Safety Features:
   • Built-in collision avoidance systems, return-to-home functionalities, and geo-fencing capabilities make flying Ascend Drones safer than ever before. Beginners can have peace of mind, knowing the drone is equipped to prevent accidents.

Understanding these advancements is crucial as you explore the landscape of Ascend Drone Technology. Personal experience shows that with the right knowledge and tools, almost anyone can harness the capabilities of drones to their advantage—from law enforcement agencies using drones for surveillance to artists creating breathtaking aerial visuals for their projects. As you dive deeper into the features of Ascend Drones, you’ll quickly discover that each enhancement revolves around improving the user experience, making it accessible for everyone—from hobbyists to professionals. If you’re excited about using Ascend Drones, imagine how fascinating it will be to leverage these advancements in your own projects! In summary, the historical evolution of drones informs current technological improvements that maximize usability, functionality, and creativity in our aerial endeavors. As Ascend Drone Technology continues to innovate, you will undoubtedly find new ways to explore, capture, and experience the world from above!

Getting Started with Ascend Drone

Now that you have a solid understanding of the history and advancements of drone technology, it’s time to get hands-on with your Ascend Drone! Setting up your drone and mastering its controls will pave the way for smooth and successful flights. Let’s dive into how to set up your Ascend Drone and get familiar with its controls so you can take to the skies with confidence!

Setting Up Ascend Drone

Setting up your Ascend Drone is a straightforward process, designed for easy assembly and quick deployment. Here’s a step-by-step guide to ensure you’re ready to launch:

1. Unbox and Inspect:
   • As soon as you open the box, take a moment to inspect all components to confirm you have everything needed:
     • Drone body
     • Propellers (make sure to check how many blades each has)
     • Battery
     • Remote controller
     • USB charger for the battery
     • User manual
2. Attach the Propellers:
   • Propellers are crucial for flight, and they usually require some assembly. Align the propellers according to the markings on the drone (clockwise vs. counterclockwise):
     • Ensure they click securely into place to avoid in-flight accidents.
     • Don’t worry if it feels a bit tricky; it gets easier with practice!
3. Charge the Battery:
   • Before taking off, the battery must be fully charged. Read the manual for specifics on charging times. A few points to consider:
     • Always use the charger provided to avoid damaging the battery.
     • Allow it to charge completely; this typically takes around 90 minutes.
4. Download the Companion App:
   • Ascend Drones often come with a smartphone app to enhance your flying experience. Download the app compatible with your drone model:
     • Create an account or log in.
     • Link your drone to the app following the prompts, which usually involve connecting via Wi-Fi or Bluetooth.
5. Check Firmware Updates:
   • Using the app, check for any firmware updates before your first flight. Keeping your drone updated ensures top performance and introduces new features:
     • Follow the instructions to install any updates.
6. Familiarize Yourself with the Takeoff Protocol:
   • With everything set up, you’ll want to practice the takeoff mechanics. A gentle lift-off will have your drone smoothly ascend into the air!

Understanding Ascend Drone Controls

With your drone set up and ready to go, it’s essential to understand how the controls work. The remote control layout might seem complicated initially, but you’ll soon get the hang of it.

1. Basic Remote Control Layout:
   • Take a look at the standard buttons and joysticks on your remote:
     • Left Stick: Controls altitude (up/down) and rotation (yaw).
     • Right Stick: Controls forward/backward and left/right movement (pitch and roll).
   • Familiarize yourself with the buttons for functions like taking photos, starting/ending video recordings, and activating special flight modes.
2. Flight Modes:
   • Ascend Drones come with multiple flight modes that cater to various skill levels:
     • Beginner Mode: Limits speed and altitude—perfect for your first flights!
     • Expert/Manual Mode: Offers full control over your drone’s movements, appealing to seasoned pilots.
3. Return-to-Home Function:
   • This feature ensures that your drone can return to its launch point automatically. Typically, there’s a button on the remote control:
     • Perfect for those moments when you lose sight of your drone or experience connectivity issues!
4. Satellite Connection:
   • Before takeoff, you’ll want to ensure your drone has established a satellite connection (GPS):
     • Watch for a solid GPS signal indicator on your app or remote, ensuring a safer flight experience.
5. Practice Makes Perfect:
   • Take your drone out to a wide-open area free of obstacles and people for practice. You’ll find lots of learning moments as you get to grips with the controls:
     • Enjoy practicing hovering, slow movements, and more to build your confidence!

By following these steps and gaining a thorough understanding of your controls, you’re well on your way to becoming an Ascend Drone pro. Embrace the learning experience! Remember, drones are as much about having fun as they are about precision and creativity. So, enjoy your flights, and don’t hesitate to explore what your Ascend Drone can truly do! Get ready to embark on exciting aerial adventures, where the sky is not the limit—it’s just the beginning!

Ascend Drone Features and Capabilities

Now that you’re set up and comfortable with controlling your Ascend Drone, let’s explore the incredible features that make this marvel of technology stand out. Whether you’re an aspiring photographer, an adventurous explorer, or a professional mapper, Ascend Drones come loaded with capabilities that will revolutionize the way you capture images and navigate the skies.

Camera and Video Functions

One of the standout features of Ascend Drones is their impressive camera and video capabilities. Whether you’re looking to document a special event or conduct a detailed survey, having a top-notch camera at your disposal can make all the difference.

1. High-Resolution Cameras:
   • Ascend Drones are equipped with high-definition cameras, often capable of shooting in 4K resolution or higher. This means that you can capture stunning, crystal-clear images and videos. For context:
     • Imagine filming a sunset or scenic landscape, and each detail—like the hues in the clouds—is beautifully rendered. That’s what you get with an Ascend Drone!
2. Gimbal Stabilization:
   • A gimbal system is a game-changer in drone photography. It stabilizes the camera and helps eliminate shakes that can occur during flight.
     • This feature is invaluable when shooting high-action scenes or navigating tricky conditions. You can record professional-quality videos without needing an elaborate setup.
3. Photography Modes:
   • Ascend Drones offer various photography modes designed for different situations:
     • Single Shot: For quick snaps.
     • Burst Mode: Captures several photos in quick succession—perfect for capturing fast-moving subjects.
     • Timelapse: Unleash your creativity by condensing hours of footage into a few captivating moments.
     • Panoramic Shots: Create breathtaking wide-angle views by stitching images together.
4. Live Streaming Options:
   • Need to share your experiences in real-time? Ascend Drones can often provide live video feeds directly to your smartphone or social media platforms. Friends and family can join your adventure as you fly!
5. Intuitive Editing Features:
   • With accompanying apps, basic editing features make it easy to apply filters or trims to your footage before sharing. You might find a quick edit turns a good shot into a great one!

Having these camera and video functions at your fingertips transforms how you document your world. For example, during a recent hike, I used an Ascend Drone to film the stunning views from a mountaintop. The ability to effortlessly switch between shooting modes allowed me to capture everything from panoramic shots to intricate details of the surrounding landscape. The result? A video that not only shared my adventure but felt like an immersive experience.

GPS and Flight Modes

In addition to outstanding camera features, your Ascend Drone is packed with GPS capabilities and various flight modes that enhance your flying experience and control.

1. Advanced GPS Navigation:
   • GPS functionality lets you track your drone’s location in real time, ensuring you never lose sight of it. It offers a reliable waypoint system that allows you to pre-plan flight paths before launching. Benefits include:
     • Precise Positioning: You can capture imagery from specific angles and altitudes consistantly.
     • Return-to-Home Feature: This is a lifesaver if your drone runs low on battery or if you lose connection!
2. Multiple Flight Modes:
   • Ascend Drones come equipped with different flight modes tailored to your skill level and project needs:
     • GPS Mode: Utilize GPS for a stable flying experience, ideal for beginners and optimal for capturing photos/videos.
     • Altitude Hold Mode: This lets you maintain altitude automatically, allowing for steady shots while you focus on composition.
     • Sport Mode: For those moments when you wish to push the limits, this mode provides maximum maneuverability and speed.
3. Follow Me Mode:
   • This smart feature uses GPS tracking to follow you around while you engage in activities like biking or hiking. This is particularly useful for capturing footage of your adventures without needing another person to operate the drone.
4. Geofencing Capabilities:
   • With safety in mind, Ascend Drones come equipped with geofencing technology that prevents you from flying into restricted areas. This is a fantastic safety feature that aids compliance with local regulations.

Utilizing these GPS features and flight modes ensures smooth and controlled flight, whether you’re capturing breathtaking landscapes or shooting action-packed sequences during an event. Just the other day, I flew my Ascend Drone while practicing the Follow Me feature during a jog. It was mind-blowing to see it effortlessly track my movements while capturing the beautiful terrain around me. In summary, Ascend Drone’s extensive features and capabilities elevate your aerial experience to new heights. From incredible camera functions to smart GPS algorithms, you can dream big, capture stunning visuals, and conquer the skies like never before. So grab your drone, and start exploring the limitless possibilities!

Safety Tips for Flying Ascend Drone

With all the exciting features and capabilities of your Ascend Drone, it’s easy to get carried away in the thrill of flying. However, safety should always come first! Ensuring that you prepare adequately before each flight and be mindful of common pitfalls will help you enjoy a seamless flying experience. Let’s dive into essential safety tips, starting with a handy pre-flight checklist you can follow.

Pre-flight Checklist

A thorough pre-flight checklist is your first line of defense in ensuring a successful and safe drone flight. By taking a few minutes to go through this list, you can identify potential issues that might arise and prepare accordingly. Here’s a comprehensive checklist you can use:

1. Drone Inspection:
   • Check the drone body for any visible damages or loose parts. Key areas to look at include:
     • Propeller blades: Ensure they are free from cracks or nicks.
     • Battery compartment: Make sure connections are secure.
2. Battery Status:
   • Ensure your drone battery is fully charged before takeoff. Here’s a quick look:
     • A fully charged battery typically offers you at least 20-30 minutes of flight time, depending on your model.
     • Carry an extra battery, if possible, for extended flight sessions.
3. Weather Conditions:
   • Always check the weather before flying. Ideal weather conditions should include:
     • Clear skies with minimal wind (preferably less than 10 mph).
     • Absence of rain or significant temperature fluctuations.
4. GPS Signal:
   • Make sure your drone establishes a solid GPS connection before takeoff. A good rule of thumb:
     • Wait until the GPS bar on your remote or app shows at least 6 satellites for a stable flight.
5. Area Assessment:
   • Evaluate your flying location for potential hazards. Look for:
     • Obstacles such as trees, power lines, and buildings.
     • No-fly zones that could be restricted areas—always obey local regulations.
6. Controller Functionality:
   • Test remote control responsiveness. Make sure all buttons work and confirm the gimbal functions properly.
7. Mode Settings:
   • Verify that you are in the correct flight mode. Adjust settings according to your skill level—particularly for beginners:
     • Use GPS mode for stability, especially in unfriendly environments or when learning.

With this pre-flight checklist, you’re not only maximizing safety but also enhancing the overall flying experience. I remember my first day out with my Ascend Drone; I was so excited that I almost skipped the checklist. But thankfully, I took a moment to inspect and discovered a loose propeller that could’ve caused an accident!

Avoiding Common Mistakes

While flying your Ascend Drone can be incredibly rewarding, there are some common mistakes that can lead to mishaps or damaged equipment. Learning about these pitfalls will help you become a more cautious and responsible pilot.

1. Ignoring Local Regulations:
   • Always familiarize yourself with drone laws in your area. Some important points include:
     • No flying above 400 feet in populated areas.
     • Maintaining a visual line of sight with your drone.
     • Respecting no-fly zones, such as near airports or schools.
2. Flying in Restricted Areas:
   • Keep a safe distance from crowds and private properties. Not only is this courteous, but it’s also mandated by law. Flying over people can lead to legal issues.
3. Poor Battery Management:
   • Monitoring your battery life while flying is crucial. Avoid letting it run too low, which could lead to an unexpected crash. Here are some guidelines:
     • Return to home mode should activate when your drone reaches around 30% battery, allowing you ample time to land safely.
4. Flying Beyond Visual Line of Sight:
   • Losing sight of your drone can lead to disorientation and crashes. Ensure you always maintain a clear view and avoid obstacles.
5. Overconfidence in Automation:
   • While features like Follow Me mode are fun, it’s essential to maintain situational awareness. Automated features can sometimes malfunction; always be prepared to take manual control.
6. Neglecting Environmental Elements:
   • Wind and weather can change quickly. Make flying decisions based on real-time conditions and trust your gut:
     • If conditions become harsh, it’s better to call it a day and try again later.
7. Underestimating the Impact of Altitude:
   • Ascend Drones can perform well at higher altitudes, but even advanced drones can struggle in mountainous terrain. Be mindful of limitations and avoid risky environments.

By avoiding these common mistakes, you can enjoy flying your Ascend Drone safely and confidently. Implementing the pre-flight checklist will not only help catch potential issues but also contribute to developing safe flying habits over time. Now that you’re armed with these safety tips, you can explore the skies with peace of mind! Remember that safety is an essential aspect of the flying experience, so always be vigilant and responsible. Happy flying!

Maximizing the Potential of Ascend Drone

Now that you’ve navigated the basics of flying the Ascend Drone and mastered safety protocols, it’s time to tap into the incredible potential this tool offers. Whether you’re interested in capturing stunning imagery or utilizing your drone for professional mapping and surveying, Ascend Drones offer features that elevate your capabilities to new heights. Let’s explore how to maximize your drone’s potential through photography, videography, and surveying techniques.

Photography and Videography Tips

Ascend Drones are designed for capturing breathtaking photos and videos. To truly get the most out of your aerial viewpoint, consider the following photography and videography tips that will take your content to the next level.

1. Know Your Camera Settings:
   • Familiarize yourself with the drone’s camera settings within the app. Some adjustments you can make include:
     • Shutter Speed: Use a faster shutter speed to freeze action; slower speeds can create motion blur for artistic effects.
     • ISO Settings: Lower ISO is best for bright conditions, while a higher value can help in dim lighting—just be mindful of noise.
2. Golden Hour Magic:
   • If possible, plan your shoots during the “golden hour” (just after sunrise or before sunset). The soft, warm light during these times can enhance the overall mood of your shots:
     • This is when the skies brighten beautifully, allowing for stunning landscapes and dynamic colors.
3. Experiment with Angles:
   • Change up your perspectives! Instead of always shooting from above, vary your angles:
     • Try capturing from an altitude that offers depth.
     • Lower angles provide a dramatic foreground and lead the viewer’s eye into the frame.
4. Utilize Manual Flight:
   • For more controlled shots, switch to manual flight mode. This will allow you to frame shots precisely as you envision them.
     • It requires practice but results in unique compositions.
5. Plan Your Shots:
   • Storyboarding your shoot can help you capture all the necessary footage and images. Decide what elements warrant emphasis, such as:
     • Landmarks, natural waterways, or moving subjects like wildlife or vehicles.
   • Creating a checklist can ensure you capture all the angles and moments you desire.
6. Use ND Filters:
   • Consider investing in neutral density (ND) filters to reduce the amount of light entering the lens. This is especially beneficial during bright sunlight, producing a more cinematic look and allowing for smoother motion blur in your videos.
7. Post-editing Magic:
   • Don’t underestimate the power of post-processing. With software like Adobe Lightroom or Final Cut Pro, you can enhance contrast, brightness, and color grading to give your shots a polished look:
     • I often spend time after a shoot refining my captures into something even more striking!

By leveraging these photography and videography tips, you’ll be able to create captivating content that reflects your unique vision. The beauty of Ascend Drones lies in the capabilities they provide to storytellers like you!

Utilizing Ascend Drone for Mapping and Surveying

In addition to capturing stunning visuals, your Ascend Drone can serve as a powerful tool for mapping and surveying tasks. With the right techniques, you can collect valuable data efficiently.

1. Plan Your Survey:
   • Start with a clear plan of the area you wish to survey. Use mapping software that allows for creating flight paths, ensuring your drone covers every critical section:
     • Consider aspects like elevation changes, vegetation types, or any on-site structures.
2. Set Overlap Parameters:
   • For accurate data collection, set appropriate overlap parameters (usually at least a 70% overlap) while flying. This is important for stitching images together into a cohesive map or model:
     • Overlap ensures detailed imagery for creating accurate 3D models.
3. Utilize the Right Software:
   • Ascend Drones can integrate with various mapping applications. Here are a few examples:
     • Pix4D: Ideal for creating 3D maps and models.
     • DroneDeploy: A user-friendly choice for simple mapping workflows.
   • Familiarizing yourself with operating these applications can streamline your mapping process.
4. Choose Optimal Flight Altitude:
   • A higher altitude is beneficial for larger areas, while a lower altitude offers more detail. Balance is key:
     • If you need finer details, fly lower to capture all aspects of your target area without compromising on quality.
5. Check Weather Conditions:
   • Weather plays a crucial role in your mapping accuracy. Windy conditions can affect stability and lead to skewed imagery:
     • Ideally, aim for mild wind conditions. Early mornings or late afternoons are often calmer.
6. Data Analysis:
   • Once you’ve collected your survey data, analyze it to derive meaningful insights. This can include:
     • Terrain analysis, vegetation studies, or infrastructure assessments. Each dataset can guide informed decisions in planning or development.

Using an Ascend Drone for mapping and surveying means turning a demanding task into a quicker, more efficient process. I recall working on a landscaping project where we needed accurate terrain data. Instead of cumbersome manual methods, we utilized the drone to gather high-quality aerial imagery that transformed our workflow! In conclusion, maximizing your Ascend Drone’s potential lies in understanding its capabilities and applying practical techniques to achieve your goals. Whether creating stunning visuals or conducting thorough surveys, harnessing the power of your drone will expand your creative or professional endeavors to new horizons. Get out there and explore the possibilities!

Troubleshooting Common Ascend Drone Issues

Flying your Ascend Drone can be an exhilarating experience, but like any technology, you might encounter some hiccups along the way. Don’t worry—we’ve all faced these challenges at one point or another! Understanding how to tackle common issues can save you time and ensure a smooth flying experience. Let’s explore some common connectivity problems and battery concerns, and how to troubleshoot them effectively.

Connectivity Problems

One of the most frustrating experiences when flying a drone is dealing with connectivity issues, especially if you’re trying to capture that perfect shot or follow a specific flight path. Here are some common connectivity problems with Ascend Drones and how to resolve them.

1. Weak Signal:
   • Symptoms: You may notice your video feed lagging or pixelating, or you might experience a loss of control over your drone.
   • Solution:
     • Check Your Location: Flying in areas with tall buildings, trees, or other obstacles can interfere with the signal. Try relocating to an open area with fewer obstructions.
     • Adjust Your Antenna: Some drone controllers have adjustable antennas. Positioning them correctly can enhance the signal.
2. Interference from Other Devices:
   • Symptoms: Disrupted video feed or control can occur if other wireless devices are nearby.
   • Solution:
     • Avoid Crowded Locations: If you’re flying in an area crowded with Wi-Fi networks or other drones, consider moving to a less congested location.
     • Frequency Adjustment: Some drones allow you to switch frequencies. Refer to the manual on how to do this to minimize interference.
3. Outdated Firmware:
   • Symptoms: Inconsistent control responses or connectivity issues can arise if your drone’s firmware is outdated.
   • Solution:
     • Regular Checks: Always ensure that both your drone and the remote controller firmware are updated via the companion app. This can fix bugs and improve connectivity.
4. Reconnect the Drone:
   • Symptoms: If your drone suddenly disconnects during flight.
   • Solution:
     • Power Cycle: Turn off both the drone and the controller, and then turn them back on. Reconnect them while they are both powered on.
     • Reset the Connection: If issues persist, refer to your manual for specific commands to reset your drone’s connectivity settings.

When I took my Ascend Drone out for a sunrise shoot, I encountered a weak signal that resulted in a pixelated view. By relocating to a more open space and adjusting the antennas, I quickly regained a strong connection and captured stunning footage!

Battery and Charging Concerns

Battery management is another critical aspect of drone operation. Problems with battery performance or charging can range from minor inconveniences to significant flight interruptions. Here are some common battery issues and how to troubleshoot them.

1. Short Flight Times:
   • Symptoms: You notice that your drone is landing sooner than expected or the low battery warning appears too quickly.
   • Solution:
     • Battery Age: If your battery has been used extensively over time, it might be losing its capacity. Consider purchasing a new battery.
     • Environmental Factors: Cold temperatures can affect battery performance. If you’re flying in chilly weather, try to limit the time spent in extreme conditions.
     • Weight Considerations: Additional gear or accessories can affect flight time. Ensure your drone is not carrying more weight than it can handle.
2. Charging Issues:
   • Symptoms: The battery does not seem to charge properly or shows inaccurate readings.
   • Solution:
     • Check the Charger: Use only the charger provided with your drone. Third-party chargers could be incompatible and may damage the battery.
     • Inspect the Battery Contacts: Ensure that battery contacts are free from dirt or corrosion. A clean connection is essential for effective charging.
     • Charge Cycle: Fully discharge the battery before charging it for the first few uses. This helps calibrate the battery and improve overall performance.
3. Overheating Batteries:
   • Symptoms: The battery heats up significantly during charging or after prolonged use.
   • Solution:
     • Cooling Period: Never attempt to charge a hot battery. Let it cool down to room temperature before plugging it in.
     • Ventilation: Charge the battery in a well-ventilated area. Avoid covering any part of the battery while charging.
4. Battery Alerts:
   • Symptoms: Frequent alerts regarding battery status can be annoying and distracting while flying.
   • Solution:
     • Regular Checks: Keep an eye on your battery’s condition via the app, ensuring it is functioning properly and calibrated.
     • Replace Older Batteries: If alerts become frequent, evaluate your battery’s age and performance, and consider replacing old batteries.

I learned the importance of battery management during a hiking trip. After my drone unexpectedly landed early due to low battery, I realized that I hadn’t accounted for the cold temperature impacting performance. Since then, I’ve kept a close eye on the battery conditions, ensuring I’m prepared no matter the situation. In conclusion, being prepared for connectivity and battery issues will not only enhance your flying experience but will also build confidence in using your Ascend Drone. If you encounter problems, take a deep breath—troubleshooting these common issues is often easier than it seems with the right knowledge. Get back out there and enjoy capturing the world from above!